CSCE 236 Embedded Systems, Spring 2013
Lab 2
Thursday, January 31, 2012
Names of Group Members:
1 Instructions
This is a group assignment to work on during class. You only
need to hand in one copy of this, but make sure that the names of all
of your group members are on this sheet to receive credit. Complete
all of the sections below and make sure to get the
instructor or TA to sign off where required.
You should keep your own notes on what you complete since parts of future homework
will build on this lab.
2 Detecting Button Bounces
In class, you saw how to use Timer1, configured with pin
T1 as the button input to count the number of times the button
was pressed. Download this code from the course website (in the
assignments section next to lab2). Examine this code and determine
which pins the LEDs and button should be connected to. Connect
everything and verify the functionality of the code by pressing the
button and observing the counter output on the serial console.
As you saw in class, occasionally the counter incremented more than
once for a single press due to the button "bouncing." Bouncing
occurs when the button is being pressed and it rapidly oscillates
between logical zero and one. In this section, you will look at two
different ways to detect this.
2.1 Manual Delay
First, modify the code so that it only prints the value of the
register TCNT1 when it changes. Be aware that TCNT1 may change
at any point, so you should only read it once in each iteration of
your main loop() to ensure that the value you are using is
consistent.
One way to detect that the button bounced is if TCNT1 has
increased by more than one since the last iteration. However, since
the main loop runs very quick, you should add a delay in the main loop
so that you only check it periodically, perhaps every 100
milliseconds.
Checkoff: Implement this approach and print a warning every time the
button bounces. In addition to printing a warning, turn on the red
LED for 500 milliseconds every time the button bounces (but still
ensure you are checking for additional bounces while the LED is
on).
2.2 Checking Time
Using a manual delay is somewhat wasteful in that nothing else can
occur during the delay. There is a preexisting Arduino sketch
Examples->Digital->Debounce which implements debouncing by
using the command millis() to record when the button was
pressed and then to only check the state again after a fixed delay
period. Look at this code to see how they implemented it and make
sure everyone in your group understands the code. Ask the instructors
if you have questions on how it functions.
3 Timers
In the previous sections you detected button bouncing. You detected
this by looking at the counter which counted the number of falling
edges on the button input pin and seeing if this value increased by
more than one within a small window of time. The assumption was that
any oscillations would calm down within that time period. In this
section, you will reconfigure the Timer1 to time how fast
bouncing occurs. This will let you minimize the delay in the previous
sections so that you can detect very fast button pressing, while still
ignoring bounces.
Start by reviewing section 16.6 of the datasheet on the input capture
unit (you should have already read this section before the lab). The
way the input capture unit works (when it is configured) is that when
a transition on pin ICP1 (labeled on the Arduino schematic
simply as T1) occurs, the current value of the counter,
TCNT1 is copied into the register ICR1. An interrupt
can be triggered whenever this occurs, but do not worry about using
interrupts at this point. Instead, modify your code so that when the
button is pressed you reset TCNT1 and ICR1 to zero.
After 100 milliseconds (or there about) read the value in ICR1.
If any bouncing occurred (or if you released the button within this
time), the register will contain the number of ticks that occurred
between the initial press and the last bounce.
Checkoff: If (and only if) a bounce occurs, print out the time (in
micro or milliseconds) since the initial press of the button
occurred. If no bounce occurs, simply print out the number of times
the button has been pressed. See notes below about doing this.
Hint for Checkoff You will no longer be counting the number of
falling edges using the timer. You will have to modify your code to
properly configure the timer to input capture mode and you will need
to go back to manually checking if the button is pressed. Pay
attention to the clock source and divider. If you run the clock too
fast you will overflow the 16-bit counter before a bounce occurs, but
if you run it too slow, you will not have very good resolution. Do
not use the input noise canceler, since we are trying to measure the
noise!
4 Counting Button Presses
Checkoff: Build on the previous code and create a program that will
turn on the red LED if the button is pressed once, green if pressed
twice, blue if pressed three times. For each of these you should
only turn on the LED after the button pressing has completed (after
a short timeout) and you should turn it off after 2 seconds. Also
make sure that it functions properly with both short and long button
presses, but also avoids bounces.
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On 31 Jan 2013, 10:57.