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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1027"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body style="" link="#000099" bgcolor="gainsboro" lang="EN-US" vlink="#990099"> <div class="WordSection1"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; color: black;">CSCE 230<br> Homework 3 (Chapters 3 and 4)</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; color: red;"></span><span style="color: black;"><br> <br> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;">Due: Wednesday, 2/29/12, (Submit before the start of class or via the web <span class="SpellE">hanin</span>)</span><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: black;"><br> <b>Note: </b>The purpose of this and future homework problem sets is to help you test your understanding of the material covered in the class. Recognizing the benefits of peer learning, discussion <span class="GramE">of&nbsp; homework</span> problems in groups is not only allowed by encouraged. However, <i>you must write the solutions in your own words</i>. <i>Any evidence of plagiarism will be regarded as academic dishonesty and dealt with accordingly. </i><br> <br> <br> <b>Problem 1 </b>[20 points]:&nbsp;</span>Consider the following extension of the I/O example discussed in the class for reading a line of characters from the keyboard of a terminal, echoing it on a display device of the terminal and storing it in memory: <br> </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">There are 10 terminals, each with a maximum input rate of 20 characters per second and an average rate of 20*r characters per second where r is a parameter with value less than or equal to 1. <br> <br> Consider two programming schemes for handling the input/output from the terminals: (1) Every T seconds a polling routine POLL which checks the status of <span style="font-weight: bold;">each of the 10 terminals</span> in sequence, echoes and stores the character in the appropriate buffer if the terminal is ready. (2) Whenever a character is ready in any of the interface buffers of the terminals, an interrupt routine INTERRUPT is executed, which polls the status registers to find the <span style="font-weight: bold;">first ready character</span>, echoing it to the terminal, storing it in the appropriate buffer before returning. <br> <br> Let the time required by the two routines be bounded by TPOLL and TINT, respectively.<br> <br> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">(a) What is the maximum value of T for which it is still possible to guarantee that no input characters will be lost by the polling method? Provide a full justification for your answer. <br> <br> (b) What constraint must be satisfied between T and TPOLL for your answer in part (a) to be correct? Justify that it is reasonable to assume this constraint would normally be satisfied? <br> <br> (c) What is the maximum value of TINT that guarantees that no input characters will be lost by the interrupt method? Provide a full justification for your answer. (Hint: Consider the worst case that can occur for the interrupt method in terms of the readiness of the terminals)<br> <br> (d) Let TPOLL = 5 micro-second and TINT = 1 microsecond. What fraction of the processor time will be spent in servicing the terminals by each of the two methods? Your answer should be in terms of the parameter r, the average activity factor. Provide a full justification for your answer. <br> <br> (e) Above a certain value of the activity factor r, the polling method consumes less time than the interrupt method. Find this value of r and justify your answer.<br> <br> </p> <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="color: black;"><b>Problem 2 </b>[20 points]: </span>Consider, again, the I/O example discussed in the class for reading a line of characters from the keyboard of a terminal, echoing it on a display device of the terminal and storing it in memory. We discussed two I/O methods for this problem: <span style="font-style: italic;">continuous polling</span> (i.e <span style="font-style: italic;">wait loop</span>) and <span style="font-style: italic;">interrupt</span>. For this problem, you are asked to consider the third option, <span style="font-style: italic;">periodic polling</span>, for a Nios II implementation for the DE1 board. The keyboard inputs are handled by interrupts from a timer but the display output is still done through wait loops. The interval timer on DE1 provides the timing for the polls. You should read and understand how the interval timer interface works in the DE 1 (see <a href="ftp://ftp.altera.com/up/pub/Altera_Material/11.0/Examples/DE1/NiosII_Computer_Systems/DE1_Basic_Computer.pdf">Basic Computer System for the Altera DE1 Board</a>, pp. 13-14 and 17) before answering the following questions:<br> <br> (a) How should the counter values at 0x10002008 and 0x1000200C be initialized in the Main routine to poll the terminal 20 times per second? Justify.<br> <br> (b) How should the fields of the Control register at 0x10002004 be initialized in the Main routine? Justify.<br> <br> (c) Sketch the main routine in a HLL pseudo-code, showing all the initializations necessary for the periodic polling method to work. Provide adequate documentation. <br> <br> (d) Show the interrupt service routine in Nios II assembly code for DE1, clearly distinguishing the three parts, preamble, body, and post-amble. Add ample comments to document your code. (Note: For the body of the routine, you should be able to adapt the code from the two previously implemented methods.)<br> <br> <span style="color: black;"></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Problem 3 </b>[20 points]: Figure B.19 of the textbook shows a Nios II assembly-language program for Example B.14. It assumes the display device interface depicted in Figure 3.3. You are asked to make all the changes that are necessary so that the program would correctly run on the DE1 board using the UART output terminal instead for the display device. Document your changes by referring to the line numbers attached to the code in Figure B.19 <a href="Figure%20B.19.pdf">here</a>.&nbsp; <b><br> <br> Problem 4</b> [20 points]:For this problem you are asked to compare the fraction of processor time consumed in transferring data to and from a hard disk to a computer that operates at 2 GHz processor clock rate. Consider the three different ways of handling the disk I/O: periodic polling, interrupts, and DMA. Consider three different disk activity levels for your comparison:&nbsp; 5%, 20%, and 50%. You are provided the following data:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"></p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;"> <ul> <li>Disk can transfer data at the maximum rate of 600 Mbytes/sec, where M = 10<sup>6</sup>.</li> <li>For periodic polling and interrupt I/O, 500 bytes of data is transferred per call. Each poll costs&nbsp; 300 processor cycles; each call to the interrupt service routine cost 500 processor clock cycles.</li> <li>Each DMA operation results in the transfer of 10,000 bytes of data.&nbsp; DMA takes 2000 processor clock cycles to start and 500 clock cycles to stop. </li> </ul> <br> <br> &nbsp;</div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: black;">Show all calculations.&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Problem 5</b> [20 points]: Consider the example assembly code discussed in Section 3.5 of <a href="ftp://ftp.altera.com/up/pub/Altera_Material/11.0/Examples/DE1/NiosII_Computer_Systems/DE1_Basic_Computer.pdf">Basic Computer System for the Altera DE1 Board</a>. It consists of four assembly files that together carry out the task described at the beginning of the section. You should scan through this code so that you have a good understanding of how it works. For this problem, you are asked to assume the role of the assembler and the linkage editor (or linker). The assembler creates&nbsp;our object files, one each for Figures 18&ndash;21. The linker creates a single object file from the four object files produced by the assembler. Do the following steps to solve the problem:</span></p> <ol> <li><span style="color: black;">For each object file produced by the assembler, determine the following information: a symbol table which shows for each symbol its value (where available), whether it is internal or external and whether it is global (i.e. exported) or not; for each external reference list by line numbers, or otherwise, all its occurrences in the code. Also determine and indicate the length of the code generated by the assembler. (although not required, you could run these examples using the Altera Monitor Program to figure out the values in the symbol table &ndash; the files are distributed as part of the Altera Monitor Program (see p. 23 of the above manual).</span></li> <li><span style="color: black;">Assume, the linker links the four object files in the following order of the corresponding figures: Fig. 18, 19, 21, and 20. Resolve and show how every external reference in the four files would be resolved. Explain your solution.<br> </span></li> </ol> </div> </body> </html>